Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection drives osteoclast overactivation via α2,3-Sialylation to promote pathological bone destruction

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1738896

Figure Lengend Snippet: α2,3-sialylation is required for BCG-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity (A) Comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BCG-infected osteoclasts (RB) and uninfected controls (R). (n = 3 biological replicates per group, differential expression was defined as |FoldChange| > 2 and padj <0.05). (B) Volcano plot of DEGs highlighting genes related to sialic acid biosynthesis. (C) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs in RB cells. (D,E) Immunofluorescence staining of α2,3-SA in mouse calvarial sections using MAL II lectin, with quantification of α2,3-SA fluorescence intensity (n = 5). Intensity density was normalized to the PBS group mean. (F) In vitro osteoclasts subjected to MAL II lectin staining and TRAP staining, with or without sialidase treatment to enzymatically remove α2,3-SA. (G) Quantification of α2,3-SA fluorescence intensity in cultured osteoclasts (n = 5). Intensity density was measured in cellular ROIs after background subtraction and normalized to the RANKL group mean. (H) Quantification of TRAP + multinucleated cells (≥3 nuclei) per field (randomly selected fields, fixed magnification) in vitro (n = 5). (I) mRNA expression levels of osteoclast differentiation markers ( Fos, Mmp9, Nfatc1, and Ocstamp ) in osteoclasts (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test for two-group comparisons (E) and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for three-group comparisons (G–I) .

Article Snippet: Biotin MAL-II , Vector laboratories , Cat# B-1265-1.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Comparison, Infection, Quantitative Proteomics, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, In Vitro, Cell Culture, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Attachment Patterns of Human and Avian Influenza Viruses to Trachea and Colon of 26 Bird Species – Support for the Community Concept

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative histochemistry images of stained tracheae TMAs. Red color indicates virus/lectin staining. The cells were counterstained with hematoxylin (blue).

Article Snippet: Consecutive TMA sections were stained with either 4 μg/mL Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAA-II) (BioNordika AB, Stockholm, Sweden) with tropism for α2,3-linked SA or 2 μg/mL Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA) (BioNordika) with tropism for α2,6-linked SA from Vector Laboratories.

Techniques: Staining, Virus

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Attachment Patterns of Human and Avian Influenza Viruses to Trachea and Colon of 26 Bird Species – Support for the Community Concept

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00815

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative histochemistry images of stained cola TMAs. Red color indicates virus/lectin staining. The cells were counterstained with hematoxylin (blue).

Article Snippet: Consecutive TMA sections were stained with either 4 μg/mL Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAA-II) (BioNordika AB, Stockholm, Sweden) with tropism for α2,3-linked SA or 2 μg/mL Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA) (BioNordika) with tropism for α2,6-linked SA from Vector Laboratories.

Techniques: Staining, Virus